The contributions will serve as an invaluable source of information for researchers and advanced students in the fields of plant sciences, agriculture, ecophysiology, biochemistry and molecular biology. Among these stresses, drought stress is one of the most adverse factors of plant growth and productivity and considered a severe threat for sustainable crop production in the conditions on changing climate. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the multiple strategies that plants have developed to cope with drought, one of the most severe environmental stresses. Plant responses to environmental stressesfrom gene to. Growth, morphological, and physiological responses to. These drought responses at both physiological and morphological levels show intraspecific variation related to ecotypic differentiation.
The sheer diversity of plant species grown across climatic regions that include extreme dry conditions suggests that, in nature, plants have evolved to endure drought stress. A common biochemical response in plants to stresses including ozone and. The stimulation of aboveground biomass by elevated co 2 is associated with increased average leaf size in soybean and poplar dermody et al. Toward this goal, a controlled, sublethal, moderate drought mdr treatment system was developed in arabidopsis arabidopsis thaliana. Plants face a combination of different abiotic stresses under field conditions which are lethal to plant growth and production. Water deficit is one of the major abiotic stresses, which adversely affects crop growth and yield. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading plant responses to drought stress.
An important research strategy that has been widely used to deal with such complexity is to use molecular markers to identify quantitative trait loci qtls in appropriate mapping populations. One of the inevitable consequences of drought stress is an increase in reactive oxygen species ros production in different cellular compartments. Growth, morphological, and physiological responses to drought stress in bothriochloa ischaemum ying liu 1,2, peng li 1,2, guo ce xu 1,2, lie xiao 1,2, zong ping ren 1 and zhan bin li 2 1 institute of water resources and hydroelectric engineering, xian university of technology, xian, china. Molecular and physiological analysis of drought stress in arabidopsis reveals early responses leading to acclimation in plant growth1cwoa amal harb, arjun krishnan, madana m. The study of stressresponsive transcription factors has been one of the foci in studies on drought stress tolerance. These changes are mainly related to altered metabolic functions, one of those is either loss of or reduced synthesis of photosynthetic pigments. To study the response of arabidopsis to controlled soil water deficit drought, the effect of mdr was tested at different vegetative developmental stages. Besides these physiological responses plants also undergo morphological. The molecular mechanisms underlying plant tolerance to drought stress are still not fully understood because of the complex nature of the response to drought stress. Metabolomics and proteomics reveal droughtstress responses. In addition to the lateral roots, the presence of small roots is also considered as an adaptive strategy to increase water uptake by providing more absorptive surface.
Molecular and physiological analysis of drought stress in. Functional significance of morphoanatomical traits in adaptive strategies against drought. The sheer diversity of plant species grown across climatic regions that include extreme dry conditions suggests that, in nature, plants have evolved to endure drought stress with an array of morphological. Apr 23, 2018 to clarify the molecular responses to drought stress and water recovery treatments during the seedling stage, we compared the gene expression levels of drought stressed and control maize seedling. Summary in the days of global warming, the effect of drought stress on crop productivity is expected to increase the crop plants have evolved certain resistance mechanism against drought stress we should identify those mechanisms and traits and introgress them into susceptible genotypes only conventional breeding is not sufficient in. Upon exposure to osmotic stress, plants exhibit a wide range of responses at the molecular, cellular and whole. Crop growth stage yield reduction references barley seed. Physiological, morphological and molecular mechanisms for.
Environmental stresses have varying effects on different organs and tissues within a plant, and as such, molecular, cellular and morphological responses to stress vary among tissues, and throughout the developmental lifetime of a plant. Plant adaptations to the combination of drought and high. This special issue is focused on how plants tolerate drought stress regarding anatomical, morphological, physiological and molecular mechanisms in any kind of plant. From morphological to molecular features kindle edition by aroca, ricardo. Ecophysiological responses responses to drought under field conditions. Drought stress induces a number of profound changes at the morphological, physiological and biochemical level in all plant organs 2, basically disturbing the relationship between sink and source. Plant responses to drought gametogenesis, early embryo. Dec 23, 2016 drought is a severe environmental constraint to plant productivity. Drought is a severe environmental constraint to plant productivity. Researchers were puzzled by the observation that drought and salinity, although targeting the roots, triggered inhibition of photosynthesis at an early phase of stress response. Physiological and biochemical responses to drought stress in. Morphological and physiological plant responses to drought. Read download plant responses to drought stress pdf pdf.
Molecular and morphophysiological analysis of drought stress. Most of the physiological traits associated with drought tolerance are quantitative in nature. Both these stresses adversely affect the plant growth and yields due. Drought triggers a wide variety of plant responses, ranging from cellular metabolism to changes in growth. Increased leaf size can be the result of increased cell production andor increased cell expansion, and both of these processes appear to contribute to enhanced. The following major aspects are covered in the book.
Although plant responses to drought are relatively well known, plant performance under a more complex environment where multiple stresses cooccur is fragmentary. It has been established that drought stress is a very important limiting factor at the initial phase of plant growth and. The plant material was selected considering the high. Drought triggers a wide variety of plant responses, ranging from cellular metabolism to. Plant drought stress response and resistance are complex biological processes that need to be analyzed at a systems level using genomics and physiological approaches to dissect experimental models that address drought stresses encountered by crops in the field. The study of stress responsive transcription factors has been one of the foci in studies on drought stress tolerance. Growth, morphological, and physiological responses to drought. Frontiers chilling and drought stresses in crop plants. Scarcity of water is a severe environmental constraint to plant productivity. Research into the plant response to water stress is becoming. Moisture deficiency induces different plant structural changes which are critical to respond to drought stress, ranging from morphological adaptations decline in growth rate, deep rooting system, and modification of root to shoot ratio for desiccation avoidance as well as physiological and metabolic responses stomatal closure, antioxidant.
The new tools that operate at molecular, plant and ecosystem levels are revolutionising. Molecular responses to drought stress in plants request pdf. Mar, 2014 in order to develop strategies to maintain plant productivity, it is essential to understand the various regulatory mechanisms that control and enhance adaptive responses to stress in different plant species. Upon exposure of plants to drought stress, aba is the major hormone synthesized in roots and translocated to leaves to initiate adaptation of plants to. A, root morphology of wildtype arabidopsis seedlings col gl1 on an agar. As a result of adaptation to environmental conditions, for example water availability and drought, various. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. However, drought tolerance is recalcitrant to molecular genetics study mainly due to. In the present study, reference line b73 was used to investigate the physiological responses and global gene expression patterns induced by 3day. Mpa reduced photosynthetic rate, leaf water potential, and transpiration rateinsun owerplant.
One of the inevitable consequences of drought stress is an increase in reactive oxygen species ros production in different cellular compartments, namely the chloroplasts and mitochondria. Effects of climate change and droughtstress on plant. Hanswerner koyro, bernhard huchzermeyer, in plant metabolites and regulation under environmental stress, 2018. Morphological and anatomical adaptations physiological responses biochemical and molecular responses ecophysiological responses responses to drought under field conditions the contributions will serve as an invaluable source of information for researchers and advanced students. Integration of plant hormone signaling networks plays a crucial role in balancing plant growth and stress adaptation. Several reports have investigated the effects of drought and heat stress combination on plant growth and productivity, concluding that this stress combination causes a disproportionate damage compared with each of its individual stress components keles and oncel 2002, rizhsky et al.
Morphological and transcriptomic analyses reveal acute responses and longterm acclimation in arabidopsisc w zhao su,a xuan ma,a,b huihong guo,a,c noor liyana sukiran,a bin guo,a,d sarah m. Drought stress restricts plant growth and development by altering metabolic activity and biological functions. Drought is a major environmental stress that can have severe impacts on plant productivity and survival. Plant adaptation to drought stress pubmed central pmc. Activated expression of wrky57 confers drought tolerance. Plant responses to drought stress from morphological to molecular features features 7 written by experts 7 richly illustrated 7 presents basic concepts as well as latest findings contents drought stress in plants. Physiological, biochemical and molecular responses to a. Plant survival under low temperature depends on the physiological and molecular responses triggered by the plant on exposure to low temperature sergeant et al. However, plants have evolved several cellular and molecular mechanisms to overcome drought stress. One of the key features are plant segmentation and compartmentalization. Being a multidimensional stress, it triggers a wide variety of plant responses ranging from physiological, biochemical to molecular levels. Research article morphological and physiological plant.
Physiological, biochemical and molecular basis chapter pdf available august 2018 with 2,942 reads how we measure reads. Drought stress is a major environmental factor that limits plant growth and development. Abiotic stress conditions, including heat, cold, drought, salinity, oxidative stress and nutrient deficiency, are the primary cause of crop loss worldwide, reducing average yields and quality carmo. Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of plants to drought stress. Drought tolerance is a multiplex trait involving the activation of signaling mechanisms and di erentially expressed molecular. Therefore, elucidation of the mechanisms by which vegetation in that area responds to drought stress may enable us to improve utilization of limited water resources and thus contend with the problem of drought and water shortage. Effect of drought stress on phenotypic traits in rice to improve rice production under drought condition, firstly understand the changes of phenotypic traits of plant responses and secondly understand the mechanism and changes of biochemical and molecular components of plant under stress condition.
Drought or soil water deficit can be chronic in climatic regions with low water availability or random and unpredictable due to changes in weather conditions during the period of plant growth. These include, for example, morphological and developmental changes e. Morphological changes in response to drought stress 81 seedlings were grown in the greenhouse for 6 months junenovember 2011 and then transferred outdoors for natural leafshedding. Morphological changes in response to drought stress in. Please view the pdf by using the full text pdf link under view to the left. Water shortage in the aridsemiarid regions of china seriously hampers ecosystem construction. Plant developmental responses to climate change sciencedirect. Crop science abstract root anatomical, physiological. Plants were grown under wellwatered conditions, and drought stress was applied by withholding water at different growth stages to three batches of plants. These environmental challenges that adversely affect plant growth and productivity, lead to a wide range of responses in plants, including. From morphological to molecular features, por ricardo aroca 2012.
Upon drought, plants will perform an array of complex responses, involving molecular, biochemical, physiological and morphological changes 1, 2. Plant responses to drought stress ricardo aroca editor plant responses to drought stress from morphological to molecular features 123 editor dr. Jun 30, 2016 major phytohormones, such as abscisic acid aba, cytokinin ck, gibberellic acid ga, auxin, and ethylene, regulate diverse processes which enable plant adaptation to drought stress 34. Molecular and genetic aspects of plant responses to. Molecular and morphophysiological analysis of drought. These can be confounded by photoperiod response as cold is often associated with extreme latitudes. Genomewide transcriptional and physiological responses to. To investigate the physiological responses of maize seedlings to water deficit and recovery, the phenotypic traits, including rwc and leaf length, were evaluated at the following three timepoints. Morphological and anatomical adaptations physiological responses biochemical and molecular responses ecophysiological responses responses to drought under field conditions the contributions will serve as an invaluable source of information for researchers and advanced students in. Biochemical and molecular responses ecophysiological responses responses to drought under field conditions. Simultaneous occurrence of chilling and drought stresses in plants due to the drastic and rapid global climate changes, can alter the morphological, physiological and molecular responses. Plant growth and productivity is adversely affected by natures wrath in the form of various biotic and abiotic stress factors. High light, drought, and soil salinity stresses are among the conditions analyzed in much detail.
Plant responses to drought stress from morphological to. This work revealed the molecular mechanism by which antagonism between aba and cytokinin signaling mediates plant response to drought stress. The products of certain stressresponsive genes could function in alleviating. Physiological and biochemical responses of plants under drought stress. Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of. At the same time, responses can be local or systemic, at the cellular, organ or whole plant levels. Assmann,a andhongmaa,b,d,1 a department of biology and the huck institutes of the life sciences, pennsylvania state university.
Physiological responses to drought stress and water recovery. Activated expression of wrky57 confers drought tolerance in. Cultivar variations in anatomical, morphological, and physiological features of roots accounted for the variability in shoot performance under drought stress noted in a previous study. Pdf plant responses to drought stress researchgate. Both these stresses adversely affect the plant growth and yields due to. Subsequently, two distinct types of anion channels, a slowactivating sustained stype, and a rapidtransient rtype, are activated and the anion efflux results in a depolarization of the. Molecular responses to drought stress in plants springerlink. Economic yield reduction by drought stress in some representative. The average daily temperature and relative air humidity varied from 24.
The biochemical and molecular responses to drought is essential for a holistic perception of plant resistance mechanism to water limited condition in higher plants. Droughtinduced loss in crop yield probably exceeds losses from all other causes, since both the severity and duration of the stress are critical. Effects of drought stress on morphological characteristics. Droughtstress drought is a major environmental stress factor that affects the growth and development of plants. Understanding plant responses to drought from genes to. Ambavaram, and andy pereira virginia bioinformatics institute, virginia polytechnic institute and state university, blacksburg, virginia 24061. Drought is a major environmental stress factor that affects the growth and development of plants. Jun 30, 2016 the plant microrna mir393 has also been shown to play a role in rootmediated adaptation to drought stress response through attenuation of auxin signaling 65. Here, to study responses to drought during reproductive development, we grew arabidopsis thaliana plants with limited water, under conditions that allowed the plants to initiate and complete reproduction. Vice versa, responses to high light stress were not limited to leaves. Drought stress is the most prevalent environmental factor limiting crop productivity 1, and global climate change is increasing the frequency of severe drought conditions 2. Drought dramatically affects plant growth and crop yield, but previous studies primarily examined responses to drought during vegetative development.